Variables

Variables represent storage locations. Every variable has a type that determines what values can be stored in the variable. Fore.NET is a type-safe language and the compiler guarantees that values stored in variables are always of the appropriate type. The value of a variable can be changed through the assignment statement.

A variable must be definitely assigned before it can be used.

Variable Categories

Fore.NET language determines seven variable categories: static variables, instance variables, array elements, value parameters, reference parameters, output parameters, and local variables.

Static variables. A field declared with the Shared modifier is named a static variable. A static variable comes into existence before execution of the static constructor for its containing type, and ceases to exist when the associated application domain where it was created ceases to exist.
Instance variables. A field declared without the Shared modifier is named an instance variable. An instance variable of a class comes into existence when a new instance of that class is created, and ceases to exist when there are no more references to that instance. The initial value of an instance variable of a class is the default value of the variable's type. An instance variable of a structure has exactly the same life cycle as the structure, to which it belongs. An instance variable of a structure is declared only when the containing structure is declared.
Array elements. The elements of an array come into existence when an array instance is created, and cease to exist when there are no references to that array instance. The initial value of each of the array elements is the default value of the array elements' type.
Value parameters. A method parameter declared without the Var and Out modifiers is known as a value parameter. A value parameter comes into existence upon invocation of the method, to which the parameter belongs, and is initialized with the value of the argument given in the invocation. A value parameter ceases to exist upon the method return.
Reference parameters. A method parameter declared with the Var modifier, is a reference parameter. A reference parameter does not create a new storage location. Instead, it provides a memory space allocated to store the variable passed as an argument when invoking the method. Thus, the value of a reference parameter is always the same as the underlying variable. Within instance structure methods (including property accessors) the Self keyword behaves exactly as a reference parameter.
Output parameters. A method parameter declared with the Out modifier is an output parameter. An output parameter does not create a new storage location. Instead, it provides a memory space allocated to store the variable passed as an argument when invoking the method. Thus, the value of an output parameter is always the same as the underlying variable. An output parameter value is initially undetermined. It must be determined before the function returns. Within instance structure methods (including property accessors) the Self keyword behaves exactly as a reference parameter.
Local variables. Local variables are declared in a local variable declaration block in functional members. A local variable comes into existence before execution of the method, in which it is declared, and ceases to exist upon the method return. The local variable's storage is freed regardless of the variable lifetime.

Default Values

The following variable categories are automatically initialized with default values:

Static variables.
Instance variables of class instances.
Array elements.

The default value of a variable depends on its type and is determined as follows:

For a variable of a value type, the default value is created by the value type's default constructor.
For a variable of a reference type, the default value is Null.

Variable References

A variable reference is an expression that is classified as a variable. A variable reference denotes a storage location that can be accessed both to get the current value and to modify it.

variable-reference:

expression

In C and C++, a variable reference is known as an l-value.

Example

Namespace UserApplicaton
//Variables available in entire assembly
Var
    GlobalValue: double;
    GlobalObject: object;

    Public Class UserObject
        //Static variable with default value
        Shared Options: integer = 10;
        //Instance variable
        ObjectValues: array Of double;

        Constructor UserObject();
        Begin
            ObjectValues := New Double[Options]
        End Constructor UserObject;

        //Parameter i is passed by value
        Public Property Item[i: integer]: double
            Get
            Begin
                //Get value of array element
                Return ObjectValues[i];
            End Get
            Set
            Begin
                //Assign value to an array element
                ObjectValues[i] := Value;
            End Set
        End Property Item;

        //The Summ parameter is passed by reference
        Sub SummElement(Var Summ: Double);
        //Local variables available only in the procedure
        Var
            d, d1: integer;
        Begin
            For Each d In ObjectValues Do
                d1 := d1 + d;
            End For;
            Summ := d1;
        End Sub;
    End Class UserObject;
End Namespace;